Below you will find another guest-post from my friend Freeman DeFacto. I am so pleased he is allowing me to share his thinking and writing with you. He deserves a much wider audience than I have here at the moment.
Those not yet familiar with the actual history of the United States, as opposed to the propaganda so often taught in schools and purveyed by politicians and the media, may wish to read the next paragraph, by Thomas J. DiLorenzo, as a prologue to Freeman’s work. I believe it will contribute greatly to your understanding. The full article is at the link.
http://www.lewrockwell.com/dilorenzo/dilorenzo242.html
Jim Powell’s book, Greatest Emancipations: How the West Ended Slavery, provides chapter and verse of how real statesmen of the world, in sharp contrast to Lincoln, ended slavery without resorting to waging total war on their own citizens. Among the tactics employed by the British, French, Spanish, Dutch, Danes, and others were slave rebellions, abolitionist campaigns to gain public support for emancipation, election of anti-slavery politicians, encouragement and assistance of runaway slaves, raising private funds to purchase the freedom of slaves, and the use of tax dollars to buy the freedom of slaves. There were some incidents of violence, but nothing remotely approaching the violence of a war that ended up killing 800,000 Americans.
It is important to recognize that when individuals are truly free, they are free to pursue any goals of their choosing, regardless of whether others deem these worthy or appropriate, as long as they use voluntary, individual cooperation (as opposed to governmental or other coercion, fraud, or physical force) to achieve them; any harm done to others or to their property in the pursuit of goals will not easily be done without appropriate consequences.
Government routinely “legalizes” illegitimate force and separates actions from appropriate consequences.
It is ironic that most people view government as the great protector against injustices such as slavery, yet “legal” slavery and segregation could never have existed without the approval and support of an overly-powerful government.
One of the many beauties of Liberty is that it works to the benefit of everyone.
Happy reading!
-LMN
********
Fighting for a Lost Clause: The Case for the Sovereign Individual
by Freeman DeFacto
These are the times that try men’s souls.
― Thomas Paine, opening line of American Crisis I, 23 DEC 1776
INTRODUCTION ― The second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence is the key that contains the framework for building the freest and greatest nation ever founded. It deserves to be read, thoroughly understood, and held sacred by advocates of individual freedom the world over. Here it is:
WE hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness [originally Property] ― That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. . .
The clause the Consent of the Governed, right in the middle of that paragraph, is crucial to the concept of individual liberty. We show below how it has been “lost” over the years.
The remaining paragraphs in the Declaration go into great detail listing the innumerable, unreasonable, oppressive measures that the British King and Parliament were trying to force upon the early American colonists.
HAMILTON’S CURSE ― Alexander Hamilton is usually viewed as a hero and one of the “Founding Fathers.” He was very close to George Washington during the Revolution, serving as the general’s aide de camp. President George Washington
appointed him to be the very first Secretary of the Treasury and as such he created the first Bank of the United States. It’s purpose was the same as that of the Federal Reserve System today.
Historian Thomas J. DiLorenzo has documented that Hamilton was a monarchist and mercantilist who advocated a collectivist government modeled after the British system that had just been defeated in the Revolution. He even vigorously lobbied for George Washington to be king instead of president. Luckily for us, Washington refused.
DiLorenzo spells out all the details in his monumental book Hamilton’s Curse: How Jefferson’s Arch-Enemy Betrayed the Revolution ― And What it Means to Americans Today. Please be sure to read DiLorenzo’s very short summary at URL: http://www.lewrockwell.com/dilorenzo/dilorenzo136.html Hamilton’s legacy is his establishment of the model for all the “Progressive” politicians who came along after him.
BIG CHANGE ― Beginning with Abraham Lincoln’s winning of the presidency in the election of 1860, the American ruling class, “the power elite,” began more vigorously siphoning political power away from the supposedly sovereign states and centralizing it in the growing, centralized national government. Lincoln’s defeat of the Confederate States of America enabled the newly-formed Republican Party essentially to control the US political scene.
From the very beginning of the union, the main theme of the prevailing Democrat-Republican Party led by the agrarian southern states was “free trade with no tariffs.” The northeastern manufacturing and financial interests (Hamilton-followers) along with the Whig and Free Soil Parties, opposed the Democrats. They greatly resented the southern policy of free trade and waged a long fight for “protective tariffs against foreign competition.”
In 1854 anti-slavery activists initiated the formation of the Republican Party (GOP). They were led by Hamiltonian northeastern “modernizers” who were joined by ex-Whigs and ex-Free Soilers. Their campaign slogan was: “Free labor, Free land, Free men.”
The GOP goal was to win control of the centralized national government so they could impose protective tariffs and thereby put the southern agrarians at an economic and political disadvantage. They aimed to diminish the south’s economic and political power by destroying the system of slave labor on the plantations.
Lincoln’s War of Northern Aggression [sometimes erroneously called the American Civil War* (1861-1865)] delivered a crushing defeat to the Patrick Henry-Jeffersonian Anti-Federalist Confederate States of America. As a result the newly-
formed GOP dominated the national political scene from 1860 unto 1928.
[*A civil war is defined as a battle between two or more factions seeking to take control of the same central government. The so-called American Civil War was no such thing. The southern states merely wished to secede peacefully and form their own separate government called the Confederate States of America.]
In 1900 William McKinley ran for president and the vivacious Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt ran for vice-president. Teddy’s energetic advocacy of a GOP platform of high tariffs, the gold standard, world-imperialism, prosperity at home, and victory abroad greatly helped William McKinley win the presidency.
Upon McKinley’s assassination in 1901, Roosevelt became the youngest person ever to ascend to the US presidency. He immediately began trying to expand the powers of the centralized national government by advocating “trust-busting” and Federal controls on all businesses. In 1903 he established two new Cabinet Departments: Commerce and Labor.
In 1904 TR won re-election in a landslide with the slogan: “Square Deal,” implying that the average citizen would get his “fair share” and that the rich “would get theirs.” In 1906 he pushed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act through congress. He also championed Federal control and takeover of wilderness areas through Federally-controlled conservationism of 230 million acres. He created the US Forest Service, five National Parks, and 150 National Forests.
In addition, he coined the phrase: “Speak softly but carry a big stick” while he vastly increased the US Navy. He then “showed the flag” by sending “The Great White Fleet” on a world tour, dispatching several warships to intimidate the government of Columbia into allowing Panamanians to secede peacefully. The Panamanians formed a new nation and sold him the isthmus so he could complete the Panama Canal. To top it all off, he was the very first US president to win the Nobel Peace Prize (1906).
THE TAKEOVER ― Around 1891 a young GOP congressman from Wisconsin, Robert M. LaFollette, Sr, formed and led a group of Republican political activists calling themselves “Progressives” or “The Insurgent Faction.” Their goal was to reform the GOP and to make government even more centralized, efficient, caring, and democratic (“responsive to the people”).
Teddy Roosevelt was the first Progressive president (1901-1909). And although only several presidents have actually called themselves Progressives [Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921), Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945), and Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963-1969)] almost every president since TR has embraced at least
some portions of the Progressive agenda.
WHAT IS PROGRESSIVISM? ― Historian William Leuchtenburg summed up the Progressive agenda as follows:
The Progressives believed in the Hamiltonian concept of positive government, of a national government directing the destinies of the nation at home and abroad. They had little but contempt for the strict construction of the Constitution by conservative judges, who would restrict the power of the national government to act against social evils and to extend the blessings of democracy to less favored lands. The real enemy was particularism, state rights, limited government.
The following table of Progressive agenda-items includes a long list of social causes, programs, and slogans:
- Efficiency in business and government
- Feminism & Women’s suffrage
- Direct election of senators (Amndmt XVII)
- Commission form of local governments by expert Scientific Professionals
- Government regulation of corporations
- Government schools (John Dewey)
- Trained professional social workers
- Government regulation of monopolies
- Collective bargaining and unions
- National parks and wildlife refuges
- Prohibition of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco
- Reclamation and inland waterways
- Popular-vote election of president
- Universal (single-payer) health care
- Living wage & equal pay for women
- Elimination of death penalty
- Climate change/global warming
- Immigration reform & amnesty
- Smart growth (planning & zoning)
- New World Order/Agenda 21
- Initiative, Referendum, and Recall (Can be useful against **EXIC governments, Ha Ha–see below)
THE PROGRESSIVE RESULT ― The Progressives and their allies have been very successful in maintaining control of the powerful political offices of the US centralized national government by gradually blurring and obscuring the vision of the Founders.
They found stealthy ways to abandon the principles of the Declaration and “morph” our representative republic (the original federation of individual sovereign states) into a strong, centralized, national so-called democracy with its tyranny of the majority.
[A simple majority (50 percent of the votes plus one more) always produces a tyranny of the majority because the 50+ percent who won will be happy, while the 49+ percent who lost will be unhappy and forced to act against their will. To more nearly approach a consensus with overwhelming general agreement, all votes should require a super-majority; seven-eights (87.5%) would be a nice number to start with.]
One of the signal accomplishments of the Progressives was the ratification on April 8, 1913 of the 17th Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment removed the last vestige of sovereignty that remained with the states. It changed the method of election for US Senators.
The Constitution originally specified that the legislature of each state shall choose its two senators. The XVIIth changed the procedure to the same method used to elect US Representatives: a popular vote of the people, a simple majority, a tyranny of the majority. This was the fatal step that turned electing Federal officials into a popularity contest. (To the winner goes the spoils.) The ultimate result has been The Lost Clause.
THE LOST CLAUSE ― This clause, The Consent of the Governed, consisting of five crucial words in the sixth line of the key paragraph of the Declaration, forms the basis of individual liberty. Each time government forces a person to act against his will, he loses part of his individual freedom. In the Declaration, the Founders emphasized the importance of The Consent of the Governed to keeping a society free.
Government’s actions are either legitimate or illegitimate. Legitimate actions are those that maintain the dignity, freedom, integrity, and individuality of every person by applying the universal natural laws of justice (to each, that which he deserves).
Illegitimate actions are those that violate the dignity, freedom, integrity, and individuality of people by enforcing (usually whimsical) “positive” (man-made) rules, laws, mandates, orders, and statutes.
SOVEREIGNTY ― The person (or group) who makes the final decisions as the head of government is called the sovereign. There is no one of higher authority. The sovereign is boss, independent of all others; he is sovereign as defined in the following:
sovereign (sov’rin, sov’ễr-in, suv’rin), adj. [ME. soveraine, sovereyn, ; OFr. soverain, souverain; LL. *superanus, < L. super, above, over.] 1. above or superior to all others, chief; greatest; supreme. 2. supreme in power, rank, or authority. 3. of or holding the position of a ruler; royal; reigning. 4. independent of all others, as a sovereign state. 5. excellent; very effectual, as a cure or remedy. n. 1. a person who possesses sovereign authority; monarch; ruler. 2. a group of persons or a state that possesses sovereign authority. 3. a British gold coin valued at 20 shillings or one pound sterling. Also sovran. Abbreviated sov.
The sovereign stands highest in the community, above, supreme and separate from all others. He (or they) impose their powers from a position external to the governed, the populace; thus the government is an EXternally-Imposed, Coercive (**EXIC) government.
[We shall show below that EXIC government is not the only form of government available to mankind.]
The Declaration made it clear that the sole legitimate purpose for an EXIC government is “. . to secure these Rights” (Life, Liberty, and Property)]; that is, to keep the peace by thwarting crimes that individuals commit against each other.
[An individual cannot commit a "crime against society or humanity." In actuality, there is no such thing. There are only crimes of one person against individuals.]
The Declaration asserts:
. . . that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends (securing the Rights of Life, Liberty, and Property) it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government …
The Declaration enshrines individual liberty and private property; the Founders deemed them to be sacred. However, the Constitution is seriously flawed because it allows the ruling class, the power-elite to ignore the requirement for consent of the governed. True individual liberty can exist only with the consent of the governed. Government without consent of the governed is involuntary servitude.
[Ironically, Amendment XIII to the Constitution specifically prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude.]
John Adams brilliantly tied individual freedom to private property rights when he said:
The moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as sacred as the laws of God, and that there is not a force of law and public justice to protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence. If ‘”Thou shalt not covet” and “Thou shalt not steal” were not commandments of Heaven, they must be made inviolable precepts in every society before it can be civilized or made free.
–John Adams, A Defense of the American Constitution, 1787
But private property is not sacred when EXIC government can use the power of eminent domain to “legally” steal it; or by using just plain old every-day statutes, passed with a simple majority, to take or tax anything they wish without consent of the governed.
WHAT IS EXIC GOVERNMENT? ― The Founders envisioned the only legitimate function of their government to be: thwarting crimes perpetrated by individuals against each other. Otherwise every person would be free to conduct his life in the manner best suited to him.
However, the Old World ideas of strong centralized-governmental-control immediately began to seep into the plans of those who had seized the reins of the new national government of the USA.
They saw government as simply nothing more than standardized, centralized-control of human behavior. And they saw their job as supplying that control in a manner similar to that of the Old World Europeans, Africans, and Asians. Unfortunately, even today most people presently think of government as EXIC, described as:
The legalized monopoly of a sovereign power to initiate violent, physical coercive force or threat of force in order to bring about specific desired human behavior in the populace.
In other words: most people envision government as legally and rightfully using threats and actual force to bring about government-desired behavior in the populace.
The understood rule is: When government tells you to do something, you had better do it, OR ELSE ! ! No one will ask for your consent. Obey, or government will use the ultimate “persuasion”: a threat, or when necessary, the actual application of force.
Force can take many different forms, such as: fines, hostage-holding, incarceration, intimidation, kidnapping, beatings, torture, maiming, and/or even death. Recent examples of modern, “up-to-date” coercion have given us the “tazering” of feeble great-grandmothers and ten-year-old students with 50,000 volts of electrical energy in the hands of a trigger-happy psychopath.
THE LIBERTY ALTERNATIVE: SELF-GOVERNMENT ― By thinking “outside the box” of the conventional concept of EXIC government we find that the concept and process of governing also includes self-government: control of human behavior at the lowest possible level.
Some Republicans and libertarians already advocate government at the lowest possible level. Of course, they have in mind an EXIC government at state-, county-, municipal-, city-, town-, or district-level. They also glibly repeat the well-known phrase: “That government is best that governs least.”
Yet they have in mind neighborhood, town, municipality, or county EXIC governments. Rarely, if ever, does the average person entertain the idea that the lowest possible level is that of the individual person.
Individuals always control their own behavior. It is an organic, natural law of human behavior that humans take conscious actions solely to improve their present condition.
Each time a person does something, he does it because he perceives his action will improve his immediate condition. Even prisoners under tyrannical conditions can co-operate or refuse to co-operate. If they think it will make things better, they co-operate. If they think it will make things worse, they refuse to co-operate. They control their own behavior and suffer the consequences.
The overwhelming majority of people in the world pursue their daily lives without “Big Brother,” a policeman, or a slave-driver peering over their shoulders to make sure they are under control. Were all governmental controls suddenly removed, it might take a little time for some people to learn to run their own lives, but every “normal” adult has the full faculties and latent capabilities to be completely self-governing.
THE SOVEREIGN INDIVIDUAL ― Taken to its logical conclusion, a person who is totally responsible for all his own actions is a sovereign individual. There is no one of higher authority in his life. The questions of individual freedom ultimately come down to:
Whose life is it anyhow?
Do I own my life, or not ?
Must I get permission from someone else before I can take an action?
I assume total responsibility for all my actions.
A TRULY-FREE SOCIETY ― A society can be truly-free, even if it has an EXIC government, so long as it provides for individuals to “opt-out” without punishment or retribution of any kind. In a truly-free society, each (adult) person is a sovereign individual.
A sovereign individual has totally-free choice. He can “opt-in” (consent to be governed) under the control of an EXIC government; OR, the truly-free individual can “opt-out” (withdraw his consent to be governed) from the control of an EXIC government, without punishment or retribution.
A truly-free person ALWAYS has the choice of peacefully “opting-out.” At the present time there may be only one known, truly-free, society on earth, the Kapauku Papuans of Papua, New Guinea. They can opt-out without retribution.
In a truly-free society, the sovereign individual is completely free to exercise his own will, to do anything he pleases so long as he does not violate the property rights of another person by committing any of the following crimes: (1) fraud; (2) extortion; (3) theft; and (4) unprovoked, violent, physical aggression.
[When a person commits a crime against another, he should fully-expect to receive the appropriate wrath and vengeance of the victim, his extended family, friends, and justice-minded strangers.]
When a person chooses to opt-out he immediately becomes totally responsible for every aspect of his own life. He owes neither allegiance nor submission to any other person or group of persons. The sovereign individual has no claims against others, nor any obligations to others, except those willingly and mutually agreed upon by contract, verbal or written.
However, the sovereign individual is totally responsible for tort damages caused to others by his own negligence.
A sovereign individual is akin to a “mini-state” or “micro-country”:
- He has a sovereign: himself.
- He has a deliberative legislature: in his mind.
- He has a self-defense force: himself, friends, neighbors, and contractors.
- He asserts his sovereignty: by refusing to be dominated by any others.
- He conducts trade and foreign relations: with other sovereign individuals.
- He negotiates peaceful agreements: with other sovereign individuals.
- He settles disputes: by voluntary binding arbitration.
- He forms alliances and confederations for co-operation, trade, and mutual self-defense: with friendly sovereign individuals.
Freedom Strategy
THE GOAL ― The ideal primary, long-range, ultimate, overriding goal is the establishment of the conditions of liberty for all in the shortest possible time.
OPT-OUT SOLUTION: RESISTANCE ― One good thing Alexander Hamilton did during the Revolution was to urge American colonists to:
Resist, resist, resist, until we hurl the demagogues and tyrants from their imaginary thrones.
This was part of his early advocacy for them to throw off the yoke of the British monarchy and parliament. But just how should we resist?
STEP-BY-STEP STRATEGY TO RE-ESTABLISH UNIVERSAL LIBERTY
A. Identify a specific offense to liberty
B. Start at the level where you determine you can be most effective
1. Neighborhood, district, town, city, county, state
2. Federal (almost hopeless at the present time)
C. Research the history of the offense and identify the alleged reasons for its existence
1. Creation Details
a. Authority to create (question that authority)
b. Constitutionality (research and debate)
c. Date drafted, date debated, and date enacted
d. Identify the instigators, champions, constituency, & beneficiaries
e. Identify the injured, disadvantaged, exploited, plundered
2. Purpose
a. Question necessity
b. Question effectiveness of achieving purpose
c. Suggest alternatives
3. Budget
a. Revenue sources (taxpayers, grants, etc.)
b. Expenditures (vendors, bureaucratic staff, management, PR)
c. Money trail (follow the money — all of it)
i. Beneficiaries (legal and illegal)
ii. Bribes, payoffs, etc.
4. Administration and Application
a. Enforcement agency
b. Mechanism (fine, jail, torture, death. etc.)
5. Resulting Effect (how does it restrict liberty)
a. Opportunity costs
b. Benefited or favored parties
c. damaged, diminished, and plundered Parties
6. Expected Results of Repeal of Offense to Liberty
7. Restitution, Restoration, and Retribution
a. Can Injustices be corrected and compensated?
b. Did officials commit criminal acts?
c. Is punishment (retribution) justified?
D. Identify the focal point (target agency) in government at which to direct action
E. Carefully design and think-out at least one approach to solutions for
eliminating the offense to liberty
1. Apply Philosophy of Liberty ala Jonathan Gullible
URL: http://jonathangullible.com/mmedia/PhilosophyOfLiberty-english_music.sw
2. Was the offense necessary in the first place? Was the intended goal just,
reasonable, and logical?
3. The first thought for a solution to a problem should be: What could or
should have been done to solve this in a peaceful, non-coercive
manner without government help or interference?
4. The second thought for a solution to a problem should be: What can I
(we) do to solve this in a peaceful, non-coercive manner
without government help or interference and prevent a future re-
occurrence?
F. Draft proposed plan and legislation (when necessary) to accomplish the change
G. Prepare and distribute press releases to support the effort
H. Personally (or your alternate) attend every meeting of the target agency
1. Obtain copy of meeting agenda ahead of time
2. Prepare incisive questions to ask agency members
3. Sign-up to speak and/or ask questions of the members
4. Make audio recording of proceedings
I. Plan and hold public meetings, seminars, and educational sessions to engender support
1. Expand as fully as possible
J. Continue to repeat the above process-cycle until every offense to liberty has been repealed, withdrawn, or expunged.
***********************************************************************
Tu ne cede malis sed contra audientor ito.
“Do not give in to evil, but proceed evermore boldly against it.”
Virgil, The Aeneid, VI, 95 ― Motto of Ludwig von Mises
***********************************************************************
Posted in
Uncategorized and tagged
clause,
coercion,
consent,
consequences,
cooperation,
Declaration of Independence,
DeFacto,
DiLorenzo,
Emancipation,
force,
Fraud,
free,
Freedom,
Freeman,
GOP,
governed,
Government,
Hamilton,
History,
individual,
Jefferson,
Liberty,
peace,
peaceful,
Philosophy,
politicians,
politics,
Powell,
resistance,
Roosevelt,
Slavery,
sovereign,
Teddy,
Truth,
voluntary,
Washington |